legal tools addressing human and
environmental rights
the main human rights
treaties
•
Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, 1948
www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
•
International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights, 1976
www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm
•
International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
1976
www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm
human rights courts
•
International Court
of Justice in the Hague
www.icj-cij.org
•
Inter-American Court
of Human Rights
www.corteidh.or.cr/index_ing.html
•
International
Criminal Court in the Hague
www.icc-cpi.int
rights at the regional
level
•
European Convention
for the Protection of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms (1950 and subsequent
amendments)
www.magnacartaplus.org/echr
•
American Convention
on Human Rights, 1969. Has a Declaration on
Rights of Indigenous Peoples (the San
Salvador Protocol)
www.cidh.org/Basicos/basic3.htm
•
African Charter of
Human and Peoples' Rights, 1986
www.hrcr.org/docs/Banjul/afrhr.html
•
Draft Arab Charter on
Human Rights (adopted 1994, revised Jan
2004 but not yet in force)
www.pogar.org/themes/reforms/documents/acharter.pdf
•
Aarhus Convention (UN
Economic Commission for Europe Convention
on Access to Information, Public
Participation in Decision-Making and Access
to Justice in Environmental Matters),
1998
www.unece.org/env/pp/documents/cep43e.pdf
•
Charter of
Fundamental Rights of the European Union ,
2000
www.europarl.eu.int/charter/default_en.htm
useful treaties for
environmental rights
campaigning
•
Stockholm Declaration
of the United Nations Conference on the
Human Environment, 1972
www.unep.org/Documents/Default.asp?DocumentID=97&ArticleID=1503
•
Convention on the
Rights of the Child, 1989
www.unicef.org/crc
•
Convention No. 169
concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in
Independent Countries, 1991
www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/62.htm
•
The Rio Declaration
on Environment and Development, 1992
www.unep.org/Documents/?DocumentID=78&ArticleID=1163
•
Agenda 21: Programme
of Action for Sustainable Development,
1992
www.unep.org/Documents/?DocumentID=52
•
The Vienna
Declaration and Programme of Action,
adopted by the UN World Conference on Human
Rights on 25 June 1993
www.un.org/events/humanrights/vienna.html
•
Draft Declaration of
Principles on Human Rights and the
Environment, prepared by Special Rapporteur
Fatma Zohra Ksentini, 1994
www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/1994-dec.htm
•
United Nations Draft
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous
Peoples, 1994
www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/declra.htm
•
Beijing Declaration,
1995
www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/platform/declar.htm
•
Copenhagen
Declaration on Social Development adopted
by the World Summit for Social Development,
1995
www.un.org/esa/socdev/wssd/agreements
•
Habitat Agenda from
United Nations Conference on Human
Settlements (Habitat II) in Istanbul ,
1996
www.unchs.org/unchs/english/hagenda/
•
Rome Declaration of
the World Food Summit, 1996
www.fao.org/wfs/index_en.htm
•
Draft International
Covenant on Environment and Development,
IUCN Commission on International Law and
International Council of environmental Law,
2000
www.iucn.org/themes/law/pdfdocuments/EPLP31ENsecond.pdf
•
Proposed United
Nations Norms on the Responsibilities of
Transnational Corporations and Other
Business Enterprises with Regard to Human
Rights
www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/
64155e7e8141b38cc1256d63002c55e8?Opendocument
